Polyacrylamides, abbreviated as PAM, are a type of linear polymer that is one of the most widely used water-soluble polymer compounds. Polyacrylamides and their derivatives can be used as efficient flocculants, thickeners, paper enhancers, and drag reducing agents for liquids. They are widely used in industrial sectors such as water treatment, papermaking, petroleum, coal, mining and metallurgy, geology, light textile, and construction.
1、 Characteristics and working principle of PAM
1. The usage characteristics of PAM
(1) Flocculence: PAM can cause suspended substances to undergo electro neutralization, bridging adsorption, and flocculation.
(2) Adhesion: It can exert a bonding effect through mechanical, physical, and chemical reactions.
(3) Resistance reduction: PAM can effectively reduce the frictional resistance of fluids, and adding trace amounts of PAM to water can reduce resistance by 50-80%.
(4) Thickening properties: PAM has a thickening effect under both neutral and acidic conditions, and is easily hydrolyzed above PAM100C. When it forms a semi network structure, thickening will be more pronounced.
2. Introduction to the working principle of PAM
(1) Principle of flocculation: When PAM is used for flocculation, it is related to the surface properties of the flocculant, especially the dynamic potential, viscosity, turbidity, and pH value of the suspension. The dynamic potential on the particle surface is the reason for particle inhibition. Adding PAM with opposite surface charges can quickly reduce the dynamic potential and cause coagulation.
(2) Adsorption bridging: PAM molecular chains are fixed on different particle surfaces, forming polymer bridges between particles, causing them to form aggregates and settle.
(3) Surface adsorption: Various adsorption of polar group particles on PAM molecules.
(4) Enhancement effect: PAM molecular chains and dispersed phases are linked together through various mechanical, physical, and chemical reactions to form a network, thereby playing a strengthening role.
2、 Our company's PAM has two main directions:
1. Polymer flocculants for water treatment:
Currently, water pollution has become one of the major environmental problems in China. Water environmental pollution not only hinders industrial and agricultural production, affects water ecosystems, but also directly or indirectly affects people's lives and physical health. Nowadays, it has become a consensus that water environment must be treated and sewage must be treated in order to be discharged. Therefore, researching and developing efficient and economical sewage treatment technologies is of great significance.
Effectively treating a large amount of industrial wastewater and wastewater to meet national discharge standards and utilization requirements is an extremely important way to increase resource utilization efficiency, as well as a necessary measure to protect the ecological environment and human survival, and promote social progress. Organic polymer flocculants have the characteristics of low dosage, fast reaction, high efficiency, and good decolorization, making them a promising water treatment agent. The polyacrylamide produced by the company is a linear water-soluble polymer, which can be divided into the following types of products based on its ionization in aqueous solution: (1) anionic type; (2) Non ionic; (3) Cationic type; (4) Amphoteric ion type.
2. Oilfield related chemicals:
Oilfield chemical additives, polymer high-efficiency oil displacement agents Type I and II, as well as newly developed temperature and salt resistant Type III polymer oil displacement agents, have recently collaborated with the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to develop the "nano micron oil displacement technology", which has achieved the updating and replacement of related chemicals for oilfield use, making due contributions to the high and stable production of the oilfield.
3、 Our company's PAM usage methods and precautions:
1. Before officially adopting the product, a series of small tests should be conducted to determine the dosage range and usage conditions. Based on our experience, the general dosage is 1-5ppm.
2. Before use, all products must be fully dissolved to allow their chains to fully stretch before use. Typically, non-ionic and cationic products are diluted to around 0.1%, and the dissolution process should be carried out in containers such as plastic, ceramics, or concrete.
3. Attention: Stirring should not be too much or too intense, and after dissolution, it should not be left for a long time. PAM solution should try not to come into contact with iron objects for a long time. The solution should not exceed 60 ℃.
4. When conveying PAM solution, the pipeline should be thick and there should be fewer bends to minimize pipeline losses and turbulence.
5. Generally, the flocculant is added first, and after the reaction, the coagulant aid is added.
6. The type and molecular weight of each type of wastewater (or sludge) used should be based on multiple experiments. Generally, anionic wastewater with a molecular weight of 8-12 million is used, priced at approximately 10-20000 yuan/ton. Cationic sludge with a molecular weight of 5-10 million is used, priced at 30-50000 yuan/ton.
The R&D center has professional level laboratories, including water treatment laboratory, sludge dewatering laboratory, product analysis room, formula research room for composite water treatment agents, pilot plant room, liquid chromatography analysis room, equipped with a large number of instruments and equipment that simulate industrial production processes and process conditions. It can carry out targeted R&D work and provide practical and effective problem-solving solutions. The center has gathered a group of well-known domestic technical experts, dedicated to the innovation and application of papermaking chemicals and water treatment chemicals.
The excellent expert service system of the R&D center, with long-term on-site service experience and professional knowledge, provides customers with an integrated service solution that combines remote network consulting services and rapid response. The thoughtful and considerate service and technical support have been praised by customers. Our center is equipped with professional technical service engineers and relevant professional instruments and equipment, providing customized systematic solutions for customers, ensuring that product applications are guaranteed and helping customers solve problems in a timely manner.
4、 The toxicity of polyacrylamide
PAM itself is not toxic and is only harmful when administered in amounts greater than 5000PPm due to the obstruction of nutrient absorption by the animal's gastrointestinal mucosa. The residual monomer acrylamide (AM) in PAM is toxic, and for products used in oil fields and urban sewage treatment, the residual monomer is generally allowed to be around 1%. Used for food, such as clarifying sucrose in drinking water, manufacturing paper that may come into contact with food, etc. The residual monomer content must be strictly controlled, generally below 0.05%. Cationic polyacrylamide has been proven to be safe during normal use through experiments.
Our country stipulates that reducing acrylamide should be used for food with residual monomer levels below 0.05%. Our company's products have been tested according to national standards and their content is around 0.02%, which has reached the international advanced level.
5、 Packaging, storage and transportation
Anionic, cationic, non-ionic, and zwitterionic polyacrylamide are uniformly packaged in 25 kg/bag, lined with plastic textile bags or paper plastic composite packaging. It can also be packaged according to user requirements. During storage and transportation, pay attention to heat and moisture prevention. Dry powder products may absorb moisture and clump when exposed for a long time. The number of stacking layers shall not exceed 20, and the effective storage period is 2 years.
6、 In response to customer requirements, we provide the following services:
Mud Sample Analysis - The laboratory conducts physical and chemical testing and analysis on the sludge provided by the customer.
Product selection - Select the best product model through laboratory and on-site evaluation.
Usage guidance - providing on-site services, with technical engineers from the R&D center guiding the correct use of drugs to achieve optimal results.
Problem diagnosis in product application - helps users analyze and diagnose difficult problems that arise in production, and provides solutions or suggestions.
Technical Personnel Training - The center will train product application technicians for customers.
For services - the center provides specialized advice and services to customers based on their specific requirements.
Tracking service - Establish customer records, track customer production status throughout the process, and promptly resolve any issues found.
Supply guarantee - timely delivery to customers and providing reliable quality assurance.
